AFOs and KAFOs can be described using different names depending on the clinician, manufacturer, healthcare setting or terminology a patient is familiar with. While these terms can sometimes refer to similar types of devices, they do not always describe exactly the same design.

An AFO (Ankle-Foot Orthosis) is commonly referred to as an ankle-foot orthosis, ankle-foot brace, ankle-foot splint or ankle brace. These terms are often used interchangeably in everyday conversation, although the exact design and function of the device can vary.

A KAFO (Knee-Ankle-Foot Orthosis) may also be called a knee-ankle-foot orthosis, knee-ankle-foot brace, knee-ankle-foot splint or long-leg orthosis. Because a KAFO extends from the foot and ankle to the knee, it may also be described more generally as a lower-limb orthosis or leg brace.

The terminology used does not necessarily determine the design of the device. For example, two people may refer to their devices as an “ankle-foot brace” even though their AFOs have different levels of flexibility, ankle joints or functional purposes.

At APO-QLD, our orthotists assess each person’s individual requirements and prescribe the appropriate type and design of orthosis, regardless of the terminology used to describe it.

AFO stands for Ankle-Foot Orthosis. An AFO is a prescribed orthotic device designed to support and control the ankle and foot. AFOs can help improve stability, assist with walking, control unwanted movement, maintain alignment and support individuals with weakness or reduced control of the lower limb.

KAFO stands for Knee-Ankle-Foot Orthosis. A KAFO extends from the foot and ankle to the knee, providing support and control across the knee, ankle and foot. It may be prescribed when additional knee stability or control is required during standing or walking.

Both AFOs and KAFOs can be custom-made to suit an individual’s clinical, physical and functional requirements.

The main difference is the level of the lower limb that the orthosis supports.

An AFO provides support and control around the ankle and foot, while a KAFO extends higher to include the knee. An AFO may be appropriate when ankle and foot control is the primary concern. A KAFO may be recommended when the knee also requires additional stability or control.

Your orthotist will assess factors such as muscle strength, joint range of motion, alignment, stability, walking pattern and functional goals when determining which type of orthosis is most appropriate.

A lower-limb orthosis is an orthotic device designed to support, protect, align or control part of the lower limb.

Lower-limb orthoses include AFOs, KAFOs and other specialised orthotic devices. The term lower-limb orthosis describes a broad category rather than one specific design.

Your orthotist will determine the appropriate type of lower-limb orthosis based on your individual movement, muscle strength, joint stability, range of motion and functional requirements.

AFOs can be prescribed for a variety of conditions and functional needs. Depending on their design, AFOs may be used to:

• Improve ankle and foot stability
• Assist with foot clearance during walking
• Control unwanted ankle movement
• Support weak muscles
• Improve lower-limb alignment
• Help maintain joint range of motion
• Assist with standing and walking
• Help manage or prevent certain contractures
• Improve walking efficiency and safety

The design of an AFO is selected according to the individual’s specific requirements rather than simply their diagnosis.

KAFOs provide support and control across the knee, ankle and foot. They may be prescribed when an individual has significant weakness, instability or difficulty controlling the knee or ankle during standing or walking.

Depending on the design, a KAFO can help maintain lower-limb alignment, provide knee stability, control unwanted movement and assist with safe standing and mobility.

KAFOs can incorporate different knee joints and locking mechanisms depending on the person’s strength, mobility and functional requirements.

There are several different AFO designs, each providing a different level of support, flexibility and movement control.

Depending on the individual’s needs, an AFO may be designed as a solid AFO, hinged AFO, dynamic AFO, posterior leaf spring AFO or ground-reaction AFO. Other specialised designs may also be used.

The most appropriate design depends on factors including muscle strength, joint range of motion, muscle tone, alignment, walking pattern and functional goals. Your orthotist will assess these factors before recommending an AFO design.

Static orthoses are designed to provide a relatively fixed position or limit movement at a particular joint. They may be used when stability, positioning or protection is the primary goal.

Dynamic orthoses allow a controlled amount of movement. They can be designed to assist movement, accommodate a person’s walking pattern or provide resistance to unwanted movement while still allowing functional mobility.

Both AFOs and KAFOs can be designed with different levels of movement and control depending on the individual’s requirements.

AFOs and KAFOs can be manufactured from a range of materials depending on their design and intended function. Common materials include thermoplastic materials, carbon fibre, composite materials, aluminium and other lightweight components.

The material and construction are selected according to the amount of support, flexibility, durability, weight and control required.

At APO-QLD, our orthotists consider your clinical and functional requirements when recommending the appropriate design and materials for your orthosis.

It can take time for your body to adjust to a new AFO or KAFO. Some people experience pressure or mild discomfort when they first begin wearing their orthosis.

Your orthotist will provide specific instructions on how to gradually increase wearing time and how to monitor your skin. If you experience persistent pain, significant redness, skin damage or ongoing discomfort, contact your orthotist for assessment. Adjustments may be required to improve the fit and comfort of the orthosis.

The recommended wearing time depends on the type of orthosis, the reason it has been prescribed and the individual using it. Your orthotist will provide a personalised wearing schedule.

For a new AFO or KAFO, wearing time is often increased gradually to allow the skin and body to adjust. The orthosis should be checked regularly for areas of excessive pressure, redness or irritation.

The lifespan of an AFO or KAFO varies depending on its design, materials, frequency of use and the individual.

Children may require more frequent reviews because their limbs are growing and their physical needs can change rapidly. Adults may require replacement when the orthosis has worn out, no longer fits correctly, has changed shape or no longer provides the required level of support.

Regular reviews with your orthotist help ensure that the orthosis remains safe, comfortable and appropriate.

The cost of an AFO or KAFO depends on the type of orthosis, materials, components, level of customisation and individual clinical requirements.

Custom-made AFOs and KAFOs can vary considerably in price because they are designed around the individual’s needs. Funding may be available through NDIS, WorkCover, NIISQ and DVA or other funding arrangements, depending on eligibility and the requirements of the funding program.

We can discuss the expected cost and available funding options with you as part of the assessment process.